Ratchet-drill



(No Model.)

T. P. SOMES.

RATGHBT DRILL. No. 309,989. Patented De. 30, 1884.

N. PETERS. Phom-Lthugraplmn VJnihinglum D. C.

Unire@ Srrrrns atterri trice.

THOMAS PERKINS SOBIES, OF REVERE, MASSACHUSETTS.

RATCH ET-DRI LL'.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,989, dated December 30, 188%.

Applicationdiled October 95, 1884. (No model.)

T0 all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS PERKINS SOMES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Revere, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ratchet-Drills; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertai ns to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to ratchet-drills, so called, in which a continuous rotary movement is effected by an operating-lever with pawls and ratchets acting upon a train of gears, in lieu of an intermittent rotary movement, as hitherto accomplished. My present device relates more particularly to the adaptation and general arrangement of the working parts; and it consists, first, in the construction of compound gears formed with spur and ratchet teeth, and in their disposition upon a secondary shaft in alignment with the shaft of the drill; secondly, in the construction of reversible double pawls similarly mounted upon a common shaft, but oppositely operated by suitable means, whereby the motion of the operating-lever back and forth effects continuous rotary movement of the drill in either direction right or left, as may be desired; and, thirdly, in the general position of the parts relatively one to the other, whereby a very compact, strong, and effective machine is secured.

The drawings accompanying this specication represent in Figure l a side elevation,r

and Fig. 2 a vertical central section, of a ratchet-drill embodying my invention. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the double pawls, showing their relative positions, while Fig. 4 is a section on line w x of Fig. 1, showing the operative parts by which the pawls are reversed. In the'vdrawings I have shown the frame at A, formed with an offset, B, centrally bored, and provided with a short fixed shaft or stud, upon which is loosely mounted a miter-gear, C. I have further provided a circular rod or shaft, a, centrally aligned with the drill-shaft and spanning Vthe sides of the offset, While loosely mounted upon said shaft are two compound miter and ratchet gears, D E, meshing with the gear C. This shaft adoes not rotate, but is fixed, being secured at one end in the frame A by a pin or bolt, while its lower end is formed with a head, upon which rests the compound gear E, by which the latter is maintained in its proper position to engage the miter-gear C. These gears I have constructed purposely with the idea of making the niachine as compact as possible consistent with strength and with the fewest number of parts, and accordingly have formed their faces with teeth, as is usual in miter-gears, while their peripheries'are further provided with ratchetteeth b b, Snc., of such shape that the latter will co-operate with their pawls in either direction in which the gears may rotate. The lower gear, E, is formed with a long hub, c, which extends through and rotates within the bore c in the lower portion of the frame A, while to the lower projecting extremity of said hub is secured a tubular head, F, in which the drill iits and is securely fastened when actively employed. rFhis head. may be dispensed with, and the drill-shaft secured directly in a socket formed in the end of said hub. This head F, as shown in the drawings, maybe reA moved and a socket-wrench employed in lieu thereof, whereby the machine is easily adapted in turning nuts where avwrench could not be used. The upper part of the frame is provided with the ordinary screw-feed mechan ism, and thus proper pressure is secured upon the object to be perforated. To prevent the frame from turning and maintain it fixed when the operating-lever is actively employed, I have provided a projecting arm or lever, P, which may be made either separable or` in` tegral with the frame A.

To operate the train of gears C D E to effect continuous rotary movement in either direction, (right or lci't,) I have constructed a bifurcated plate, G, with arms f g, through which the shaft a, before mentioned, passes, and thus permits of free movement back and forth of the operating-lever II, attached to the said plate G.

Between the arms f y, and mounted loosely upon a fixed rod, Ji, are reversible double- ICO nosed pawls I J, which are alike and similarly arranged, but so d isposed that the contiguous noses shall never be actively employed at the same time; and I have so constructed said pawls that by means of a push-pin, z', it shall effect an opposite motion of the pawls I J to change the position of their noses with respect to the ratchet-teeth. Thus means are secured by which the drill is made to revolve continuously in either direction to the right or left by the reciprocating movements of the operating-lever I-I.

To effect the requisite change in the action of the pawls by which two of such pawls may be similarly operated and brought in contact with the ratchet-teeth Z) b, dto., I have cut notches j j upon the rear or convex portion of the pawls, while a rock-lever, K, is cen trally pvoted upon a spring-actuated rod, 7c, while the ends Z Z of the rock-lever engage in the slots 7' j, respectively. It is to be understood that thc tension of the spring is in the direction of the pawls, and thus exerts its thrust upon the rock-lever K to continuously maintain its ends Z Z in engagement with the notches j j in the pawls. To actuate the lever K and rock it upon its pivot to change the action of the pawls, I have inserted a -push-pin, t', at right angles to said lever, and eut in it a notch or slot, m, into which one of the arms of the lever K tits. Hence it will be readily un- .derstood that a movement ot this pin i in either direction rocks the lever I and operates the pawls in opposite ways to depress and actively employ two of the noses, (at present inactiva) one on each pawl, and move them in opposite directions, while at the same time the other two noses, now being actively employed, are lifted up and disengaged from contact with the ratchetteeth b b, Sie.

The operation of this machine is as follows, it being understood that the noses of the pawls, when actively employed, are always operating oppositely-that is, if one is right-hand, the other is a left-hand pawl. Hence in the movement back and forth ofthe operative lever I will suppose the front nose of the pawl J is' active and right-handed that is, it will turn the gear E toward the left in the drawings, and thus rotateit from left to right-when the lever H is drawn toward the operator, (see Fig. 1,) while the rear nose employed on pawl I is acting oppositely, or is left-handed, and is employed when the oper- 'ator thrusts thc lever H away from him upon the return orback stroke. Ihus the two pawls are alternately active and inactive. rIhe pawl I engages the ratchet-teeth b Z) on the compound gear D, rotating it to the right in the drawings, and it revolves from right to left, while as it meshes with the miter-gear C this is rotated toward theoperator, audits rotation is in unison with the rotary movements of the gear E, as above described. rlhus continuous rotary movement of thegear E is effected, and the latter, by means of its hub c, to which is attached the tubular head F, with its drill, maintains continual rotation ol' the latter so long as the lever is reciprocated.

The operation as above described effecis rotation of the drill from left to right, and I will suppose it is desired to change this direction and reverse the motion. The push pin or lever is now actuated so as to bring one side of the notch or slot m in it against the arm of the rock-lcver K engaged therein, and the latter is actively employed, (see Fig. 4,) and its extremities Z Z are moved away from the sides of the slots j j,with which they are in contact, until they engage the opposite sides of said slots, when the pressure from the lever i depresses the oppositcly-disposed free or inactive noses of the pawls until theyr engage the ratchet-teeth and they become active. 'Ihe same motion of the pawls has now raised and disengaged the two other noses of the pawls which have just been actively employed, and has rendered them inoperative by lifting them away from the ratchet-teeth l b, Scc. Movement of the lever II now elects rotation of the drill-head and drill in the reverse direction, or from right to left.

By means ol' the above device I am enabled to employ the lever in a path of movement at right angles to the drill, and thereby overcome some of the disadvantages resulting from such movements when parallel with the drillshaft.

l have thus described, briefly, the various operative paris o1' the ratchct-drill embody ing my invention; but I do not desire to be limited to the precise construction of the parts herein shown, as various simple modifications may bc substituted therefor; but I consider the spirit of the invention consists in the cooperation with the compound miter and ratchet gears ol' the reversible oppositely-arranged double pawls, whereby the same reciprocations of the operating-lever shall rotate the drill either to the right or left, as is dcsired.

I claim the following:

1. In a ratchet-drill, the combination, willi 'the frame carrying the drill-shaft, of the compound miter and ratchet gears and the oppositely-arranged double pawls, whereby change in position of the latter ci'ccts change in the rotation ol thc drill, substantially as described.

2. In a ratchet-drill, the combination, with the frame and its miter-gear, of a shaft centrally aligned with the drill-shaft, and carrying compound miter and ratchet gears and the op positely-operating double pawls, whereby continuous rotary movement, either right or left, is obtained, substantially as stated.

3. In a ratchet-drill, the combination, with the frame, of a train of gears loosely mounted and adapted to co-opcrate with two oppositely-operating double pawls and their operative mechanism, by which -to reverse the position of said pawls, and thus obtain continuous rotary movement, either right or left, substantially as herein described.

IOO

309mg y fa 4. In a ratchet-drill, the frame A, gear C, of which the opposite ends of said pawls are meshing with the compound miter and ratchet rendered active or inactive and the rotation gears D E, loosely mounted on the shaft a, ofthe drill changed to either right or left, as and hub e, in combination with the double may be desired, substantially as stated.

5 slotted pawls I J, spring-actuated rock-lever In testimony whereof I affix my signature z 5 K, and push-pin i, operating substantially in in presence of two witnesses.

the manner herein specified. THOMAS PERKINS SOMES.

5. In a ratchet-drill, Jthe combination, with Witnesses: the ratchets and double pawls, of the spring- II. E. LODGE,

1o actuated rock-lever and push-pin, by means Y A. F. IIAYDEN. 

